Which Of The Following Connectors Is Used With Ethernet 100baset Networks?

What is Network Cabling?

Cable is the medium through which information unremarkably moves from one network device to another. At that place are several types of cablevision which are commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a network will utilise merely one blazon of cable, other networks will utilize a multifariousness of cablevision types. The blazon of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size. Understanding the characteristics of unlike types of cable and how they relate to other aspects of a network is necessary for the development of a successful network.

The post-obit sections discuss the types of cables used in networks and other related topics.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
Cable Installation Guides
Wireless LANs
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

Twisted pair cabling comes in two varieties: shielded and unshielded. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is the most popular and is mostly the best selection for schoolhouse networks (Run across fig. 1).

Fig.one. Unshielded twisted pair

The quality of UTP may vary from telephone-course wire to extremely high-speed cable. The cablevision has four pairs of wires inside the jacket. Each pair is twisted with a unlike number of twists per inch to aid eliminate interference from side by side pairs and other electrical devices. The tighter the twisting, the higher the supported transmission rate and the greater the toll per foot. The EIA/TIA (Electronic Industry Clan/Telecommunications Manufacture Clan) has established standards of UTP and rated vi categories of wire (additional categories are emerging).

Categories of Unshielded Twisted Pair

Category	Speed	Use
one	1 Mbps	Vocalization But (Telephone Wire)
2	iv Mbps	LocalTalk & Telephone (Rarely used)
3	xvi Mbps	10BaseT Ethernet
4	xx Mbps	Token Ring (Rarely used)
v	100 Mbps (2 pair)	100BaseT Ethernet
v	1000 Mbps (iv pair)	Gigabit Ethernet
5e	i,000 Mbps	Gigabit Ethernet
6	ten,000 Mbps	Gigabit Ethernet

Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector

The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair cabling is an RJ-45 connector. This is a plastic connector that looks like a large telephone-style connector (Meet fig. 2). A slot allows the RJ-45 to exist inserted but one mode. RJ stands for Registered Jack, implying that the connector follows a standard borrowed from the telephone industry. This standard designates which wire goes with each pivot inside the connector.

Fig. 2. RJ-45 connector

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable

Although UTP cable is the least expensive cable, it may be susceptible to radio and electric frequency interference (information technology should non be as well close to electric motors, fluorescent lights, etc.). If you must place cable in environments with lots of potential interference, or if you must place cable in extremely sensitive environments that may be susceptible to the electrical electric current in the UTP, shielded twisted pair may be the solution. Shielded cables tin also assist to extend the maximum distance of the cables.

Shielded twisted pair cable is available in three different configurations:

Each pair of wires is individually shielded with foil.
In that location is a foil or braid shield inside the jacket covering all wires (as a group).
At that place is a shield around each individual pair, as well as around the entire group of wires (referred to equally double shield twisted pair).

Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cabling has a single copper conductor at its center. A plastic layer provides insulation between the center conductor and a braided metal shield (See fig. three). The metallic shield helps to block any outside interference from fluorescent lights, motors, and other computers.

Fig. 3. Coaxial cable

Although coaxial cabling is difficult to install, information technology is highly resistant to betoken interference. In add-on, information technology can support greater cable lengths between network devices than twisted pair cable. The two types of coaxial cabling are thick coaxial and thin coaxial.

Sparse coaxial cablevision is besides referred to equally thinnet. 10Base2 refers to the specifications for thin coaxial cablevision carrying Ethernet signals. The 2 refers to the approximate maximum segment length being 200 meters. In bodily fact the maximum segment length is 185 meters. Thin coaxial cable has been popular in school networks, peculiarly linear omnibus networks.

Thick coaxial cable is as well referred to every bit thicknet. 10Base5 refers to the specifications for thick coaxial cable carrying Ethernet signals. The v refers to the maximum segment length being 500 meters. Thick coaxial cable has an extra protective plastic cover that helps go along moisture abroad from the middle conductor. This makes thick coaxial a great choice when running longer lengths in a linear passenger vehicle network. Ane disadvantage of thick coaxial is that it does non curve easily and is difficult to install.

Coaxial Cablevision Connectors

The most common type of connector used with coaxial cables is the Bayone-Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector (Encounter fig. 4). Dissimilar types of adapters are bachelor for BNC connectors, including a T-connector, butt connector, and terminator. Connectors on the cable are the weakest points in whatsoever network. To assistance avoid problems with your network, e'er utilize the BNC connectors that crimp, rather screw, onto the cable.

Fig. 4. BNC connector

Fiber Optic Cable

Cobweb optic cabling consists of a middle drinking glass cadre surrounded by several layers of protective materials (Meet fig. v). Information technology transmits light rather than electronic signals eliminating the problem of electrical interference. This makes it ideal for certain environments that contain a large amount of electrical interference. It has as well made information technology the standard for connecting networks between buildings, due to its immunity to the effects of moisture and lighting.

Cobweb optic cable has the ability to transmit signals over much longer distances than coaxial and twisted pair. It too has the capability to carry information at vastly greater speeds. This capacity broadens communication possibilities to include services such as video conferencing and interactive services. The cost of fiber optic cabling is comparable to copper cabling; however, it is more difficult to install and modify. 10BaseF refers to the specifications for fiber optic cable carrying Ethernet signals.

The center core of fiber cables is made from drinking glass or plastic fibers (come across fig 5). A plastic coating so cushions the fiber center, and kevlar fibers help to strengthen the cables and prevent breakage. The outer insulating jacket made of teflon or PVC.

Fig. 5. Fiber optic cable

There are 2 mutual types of fiber cables -- single fashion and multimode. Multimode cable has a larger diameter; however, both cables provide high bandwidth at high speeds. Single mode can provide more altitude, but it is more expensive.

Specification	Cable Blazon
10BaseT	Unshielded Twisted Pair
10Base2	Thin Coaxial
10Base5	Thick Coaxial
100BaseT	Unshielded Twisted Pair
100BaseFX	Fiber Optic
100BaseBX	Unmarried fashion Fiber
100BaseSX	Multimode Fiber
1000BaseT	Unshielded Twisted Pair
1000BaseFX	Fiber Optic
1000BaseBX	Single mode Fiber
1000BaseSX	Multimode Cobweb

Installing Cable - Some Guidelines

When running cable, it is best to follow a few elementary rules:

Always apply more cable than you need. Leave plenty of slack.
Exam every part of a network as you install information technology. Even if it is brand new, it may have problems that volition be hard to isolate later.
Stay at least iii feet away from fluorescent light boxes and other sources of electric interference.
If it is necessary to run cable across the flooring, cover the cable with cable protectors.
Label both ends of each cable.
Utilize cable ties (non tape) to keep cables in the same location together.

Wireless LANs

More than and more networks are operating without cables, in the wireless mode. Wireless LANs utilise loftier frequency radio signals, infrared light beams, or lasers to communicate betwixt the workstations, servers, or hubs. Each workstation and file server on a wireless network has some sort of transceiver/antenna to ship and receive the data. Data is relayed between transceivers equally if they were physically connected. For longer distance, wireless communications can as well take place through cellular telephone technology, microwave transmission, or by satellite.

Wireless networks are great for assuasive laptop computers, portable devices, or remote computers to connect to the LAN. Wireless networks are also beneficial in older buildings where it may be difficult or impossible to install cables.

The two nearly common types of infrared communications used in schools are line-of-sight and scattered circulate. Line-of-sight communication means that there must be an unblocked direct line betwixt the workstation and the transceiver. If a person walks within the line-of-sight while there is a transmission, the data would need to be sent again. This kind of obstacle can slow downward the wireless network. Scattered infrared communication is a broadcast of infrared transmissions sent out in multiple directions that bounces off walls and ceilings until it somewhen hits the receiver. Networking communications with laser are virtually the same as line-of-sight infrared networks.

Wireless standards and speeds

The Wi-Fi Alliance is a global, not-turn a profit arrangement that helps to ensure standards and interoperability for wireless networks, and wireless networks are often referred to as WiFi (Wireless Fidelity). The original Wi-Fi standard (IEEE 802.11) was adopted in 1997. Since then many variations have emerged (and will continue to sally). Wi-Fi networks use the Ethernet protocol.

Standard	Max Speed	Typical Range
802.11a	54 Mbps	150 anxiety
802.11b	xi Mbps	300 anxiety
802.11g	54 Mbps	300 feet
802.11n	100 Mbps	300+ feet

Wireless Security

Wireless networks are much more susceptible to unauthorized use than cabled networks. Wireless network devices use radio waves to communicate with each other. The greatest vulnerability to the network is that rogue machines can "eves-driblet" on the radio moving ridge communications. Unencrypted information transmitted tin be monitored by a third-party, which, with the right tools (free to download), could chop-chop gain access to your entire network, steal valuable passwords to local servers and online services, alter or destroy data, and/or access personal and confidential data stored in your network servers. To minimize the possibility of this, all mod access points and devices have configuration options to encrypt transmissions. These encryption methodologies are even so evolving, as are the tools used by malicious hackers, then always use the strongest encryption available in your access point and connecting devices.

A Annotation ON ENCRYPTION: As of this writing WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encryption tin be easily hacked with readily-available free tools which circulate the internet. WPA and WPA2 (WiFi Protected Access versions 1 and 2) are much improve at protecting information, but using weak passwords or passphrases when enabling these encryptions may allow them to be easily hacked. If your network is running WEP, you must be very careful about your use of sensitive passwords or other data.

Iii bones techniques are used to protect networks from unauthorized wireless use. Utilize any and all of these techniques when setting upwards your wireless admission points:

Encryption.: Enable the strongest encryption supported by the devices you will be connecting to the network. Employ strong passwords (strong passwords are generally defined as passwords containing symbols, numbers, and mixed instance letters, at least 14 characters long).
Isolation.: Employ a wireless router that places all wireless connections on a subnet independent of the primary private network. This protects your private network information from pass-through internet traffic.
Hidden SSID.: Every access signal has a Service Set IDentifier (SSID) that by default is broadcast to customer devices so that the access point tin can be found. By disabling this feature, standard client connection software won't be able to "see" the access point. However, the eves-dropping programs discussed previously tin easily detect these access points, so this lone does piddling more go along the access point proper name out of sight for casual wireless users.

Advantages of wireless networks:

Mobility - With a laptop figurer or mobile device, access tin be bachelor throughout a school, at the mall, on an airplane, etc. More and more than businesses are also offering gratis WiFi access ("Hot spots").
Fast setup - If your figurer has a wireless adapter, locating a wireless network can be as simple as clicking "Connect to a Network" -- in some cases, you lot volition connect automatically to networks within range.
Cost - Setting upwardly a wireless network tin be much more than price constructive than buying and installing cables.
Expandability - Adding new computers to a wireless network is equally piece of cake equally turning the computer on (as long as you do non exceed the maximum number of devices).

Disadvantages of wireless networks:

Security - Be careful. Be vigilant. Protect your sensitive data with backups, isolated private networks, strong encryption and passwords, and monitor network access traffic to and from your wireless network.
Interference - Considering wireless networks use radio signals and similar techniques for transmission, they are susceptible to interference from lights and electronic devices.
Inconsistent connections - How many times have y'all hears "Expect a minute, I just lost my connection?" Because of the interference caused by electrical devices and/or items blocking the path of manual, wireless connections are not nearly as stable as those through a defended cable.
Speed - The transmission speed of wireless networks is improving; nonetheless, faster options (such as gigabit Ethernet) are bachelor via cables. If yous are just using wireless for cyberspace access, the actual internet connection for your home or schoolhouse is by and large slower than the wireless network devices, so that connectedness is the bottleneck. If you are also moving large amounts of data effectually a private network, a cabled connectedness will enable that work to proceed much faster.