What Are Main Group Elements

Periodic Table Groups and Periods — A periodic tabular array group is a column, while a periodic table period is a row.

Groups and periods organize elements on the periodic table of the elements. A group is a vertical column downwardly the periodic table, while a menstruation is a horizontal row beyond the table. Both groups and periods reflect the organization of electrons in atoms. Element atomic number increases as you movement down a group from top to bottom or beyond a flow from left to right.

An element group is a vertical column on the periodic table. Atoms in a group share the same number of valence electrons.
An element period is a horizontal row on the periodic table. Atoms in a menstruation have the same number of electron shells.

Element Groups

Elements within the same group share the aforementioned number of valence electrons. The number of valence electrons depends on the octet rule. For example, elements in group 1 accept one valence electron, elements in groups 3-12 have a variable number of valence electrons, and elements in group 17 accept 7 valence electrons. The lanthanides and actinides, located below the master tabular array, all fit within group 3.

There are xviii element groups. Elements in the same group share mutual chemic and concrete properties. For case, the group 1 elements are all soft, reactive metals. The grouping 17 elements are highly reactive, colorful nonmetals.

IUPAC Name	Mutual Proper noun	Family	Old IUPAC	CAS	notes
Grouping ane	alkali metals	lithium family	IA	IA	sometimes excludes hydrogen
Group ii	element of group i earth metals	beryllium family	IIA	IIA
Group 3	transition metals	scandium family unit	IIIA	IIIB
Group 4	transition metals	titanium family	IVA	IVB
Group v	transition metals	vanadium family unit	VA	VB
Group 6	transition metals	chromium family	VIA	VIB
Group 7	transition metals	manganese family	VIIA	VIIB
Group 8	transition metals	atomic number 26 family	Viii	VIIIB
Group 9	transition metals	cobalt family	VIII	VIIIB
Group 10	transition metals	nickel family	VIII	VIIIB
Group 11	coinage metals	copper family	IB	IB
Group 12	volatile metals	zinc family unit	IIB	IIB
Group 13	icoasagens	boron family unit	IIIB	IIIA
Group 14	tetrels, crystallogens	carbon family	IVB	IVA	tetrels from the Greektetra for 4
Group 15	pentels, pnictogens	nitrogen family	VB	VA	pentels from the Greekpenta for five
Group 16	chalcogens	oxygen family	VIB	VIA
Group 17	halogens	fluorine family	VIIB	VIIA
Group 18	noble gases, aerogens	helium family or neon family	Group 0	VIIIA

Alternate Group Classification System

Sometimes chemists classify element groups according to shared backdrop, which do not strictly adhere to private columns. These groups go by the names brine metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, basic metals, nonmetals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides. Under this system, hydrogen is a nonmetal. The nonmetals, halogens, and noble gases are all types of nonmetals. The metalloids take properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. The alkali metals, element of group i earths, lanthanides, actinides, transition metals, and basic metals are all groups of metals.

Element Periods

Elements inside a menses share the aforementioned number of electron shells and the same highest unexcited electron free energy level. Elements within a menstruation display periodic table trends, moving from left to correct, involving diminutive and ionic radius, electronegativity, In that location are seven chemical element periods. Some periods contain more elements than others considering the number of included elements depends on the number of electrons allowed in an energy sublevel. Note that the lanthanides are within catamenia vi and the actinides are in period 7.

Period i: H, He (does not follow the octet dominion)
Menses 2: Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne (involves s and p orbitals)
Menstruation iii: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar (all have at least one stable isotope)
Period 4: Yard, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Atomic number 26, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr (first period with d-block elements)
Period five: Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sn, Te, I, Xe (aforementioned number of elements equally period 4, aforementioned general structure, and includes the first exclusively radioactive element, Tc)
Catamenia 6: Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn (starting time period with f-block elements)
Catamenia seven: Fr, Ra, Air-conditioning, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr, Rd, Db, Sg, Bh, Hs, Mt, Ds, Rg, Cn, Nh, Fl, Mc, Lv, Ts, Og (all elements are radioactive; contains heaviest natural elements and many synthesized elements)

References

Fluck, E. (1988). "New Notations in the Periodic Table" .Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC.lx (three): 431–436. doi:10.1351/pac198860030431
Greenwood, Norman Due north.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemical science of the Elements (second ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-eight.
Scerri, Due east. R. (2007). The periodic table, its story and its significance. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530573-nine.